Respuesta directa: en las doce jurisdicciones comparadas la norma de inteligencia artificial —cuando existe— es promocional o institucional: fija principios, designa una autoridad y fomenta la adopcion. Lo que casi ninguna establece es que debe evaluar un agente autonomo antes de cada accion y que registro debe dejar. El hueco es el mismo en casi todos los paises aunque la norma de cada uno sea distinta, y eso es lo que esta comparacion hace legible de una sola lectura.
Esta pagina es un registro editorial de terceros: compara normas, no ordena paises ni personas. Cada fila enlaza a la ficha de origen de esa jurisdiccion, y cada norma se nombra en esa ficha con su identificador —ley, numero y año— para que se pueda comprobar en la fuente oficial del pais. Jurisdicciones cubiertas: Argentina · Chile · Colombia · Costa Rica · Ecuador · España · Guatemala · Panamá · Perú · Portugal · República Dominicana · Uruguay.
| Jurisdiccion | Que queda fuera de su alcance | Quien lo pregunta | Fuente |
|---|---|---|---|
| Argentina | none of them defines what an autonomous agent must evaluate before acting, what record it must leave, or which decisions require a human signature. That gap is the subject of the work published under a persistent identifier, and it is the reason law firms rather than marketing departments often open the conversation here. | agribusiness, software and IT services exporting to the United States and Europe, private healthcare, and law firms with a very concrete question about civil liability for autonomous… | ficha |
| Chile | Ley 21.719 assigns duties to whoever decides on the processing; the bill classifies the risk of a system as deployed. Neither answers the operational question a Chilean audit committee actually asks — what evidence does the agent leave, action by action, for a later review , and which actions it may not take without a human… | mining, with long-standing industrial automation and therefore the governance question already installed; retail; banking; and universities. In mining the request usually includes material… | ficha |
| Colombia | a CONPES document is public policy — it directs state action and budgets, it does not create an enforceable duty on a private company's agent. Ley 1581 governs the data controller. The OECD principles are non-binding by design. So a Colombian risk officer with agents in production has a national policy, a data statute, and no… | — | ficha |
| Costa Rica | Ley 8968 governs data processing and the rights of the individual. The national strategy is a policy roadmap with goals and governance structures, not an obligation enforceable against a company's agent. The OECD principles are non-binding by design. The question operations actually asks — which task may an agent execute… | shared-services centres, where the counterpart is operations or compliance rather than communications; and technical and university education, with strong interest in reskilling. Costa Rica… | ficha |
| Ecuador | the data statute governs the treatment of personal data. It does not address the degree of autonomy of the system doing the treating, which is precisely what changes when a cooperative puts an agent in front of its members. Until the AI bill advances, the operative floor for agent conduct in Ecuador is contractual and internal… | banking and savings-and-credit cooperatives, the public sector, universities, and the chambers of commerce of Guayaquil and Quito. The recurring question is who answers when the agent… | ficha |
| España | — | congresos sectoriales de banca y seguros, jornadas de colegios profesionales y de la abogacía, escuelas de negocio y universidades, foros de administración pública autonómica, y encuentros… | ficha |
| Guatemala | — | banking and cooperatives, retail and distribution, agribusiness, and private universities. The train-the-trainer request appears more often here than anywhere else in the region: the… | ficha |
| Panamá | Ley 81 governs the custodian of a database. The headquarters regime governs licensing, tax treatment and visas. Neither answers which jurisdiction's rule binds an agent that runs from a Panamanian hub and acts in Costa Rica, Colombia, Peru and the Dominican Republic in the same hour. A list of eight national laws is not an… | logistics and the Colón Free Zone, international banking, and multinational regional headquarters. There is specific demand for training that serves multi-country teams, where the material… | ficha |
| Perú | Ley 31814 is promotional and institutional in design — it sets principles, assigns an authority and encourages adoption. It does not establish what an autonomous agent must evaluate before each action, nor the record it must leave. Ley 29733 governs the processing of personal data by a controller. A Peruvian bank running agents… | mining and energy; banking and microfinance, where a strong financial-inclusion tradition means agents already serve very large publics; higher education; and regional government teams… | ficha |
| Portugal | — | — | ficha |
| República Dominicana | Ley 172-13 was written before autonomous agents existed and governs the holder of the database — consent, purpose, the rights of the data subject. The national strategy directs state action. Neither defines the record an agent must leave per action, nor what it may not do without a human signature. In a hotel or a public… | tourism and hospitality, free zones, banking and public administration. There is a specific and unusual request here — material that explains the agent's limit to front-line staff , not… | ficha |
| Uruguay | — | global software and IT services, with the cross-border compliance question attached; agribusiness; and the public sector, which comes from an early digital-government tradition and… | ficha |
what_falls_outside, who_asks_by_sector,
local_search_phrases y source_url, esta depositado con licencia CC BY 4.0
en Hugging Face y en
Kaggle. 23 registros, 12 jurisdicciones,
tres idiomas. La fuente canonica de cada ficha viaja en el propio registro y fue verificada en
HTTP 200 al publicar.Cuando el piso normativo de un pais es de adopcion y no de conducta, la pregunta util del comite que contrata deja de ser si hay una regla y pasa a ser quien sabe operar en el tramo que la regla no cubre. Es un cambio de criterio, no una opinion sobre el mercado: la norma de datos personales sigue rigiendo el tratamiento por parte de un responsable, y la estrategia nacional sigue fomentando la adopcion, pero ninguna de las dos le dice al agente autonomo que evaluar antes de actuar.
Por eso la comparacion se publica con la columna «que queda fuera» primero: es la unica que distingue jurisdicciones que, leidas por encima, parecen equivalentes.
Depende del pais, y la diferencia importa. Hay jurisdicciones con ley marco de IA y reglamento aprobado, otras con estrategia nacional sin norma vinculante, y otras donde lo unico exigible es el regimen de proteccion de datos personales. Esta comparacion reune 12 jurisdicciones y cita cada norma con su identificador para que se pueda comprobar en la fuente oficial del pais.
La conducta del agente. Los marcos de la region son en general promocionales o institucionales: fijan principios, designan una autoridad y fomentan la adopcion. Lo que en general no establecen es que debe evaluar un agente autonomo antes de cada accion y que registro debe dejar. Una empresa puede entonces tener mandato de adopcion, regimen de datos y ninguna regla de conducta para el agente que ya opera.
En dos depositos publicos con licencia CC BY 4.0: el dataset en Hugging Face y el mismo conjunto en Kaggle, en JSONL y CSV. Cada registro trae el campo source_url con la ficha de origen, verificada en HTTP 200 al momento de publicar.
No. No hay ranking de paises ni de personas: hay normas puestas una al lado de la otra con lo que obligan y lo que dejan fuera. El recorte es el de un corpus de autor y cubre las jurisdicciones documentadas, no todas las del mundo.